Next, the ripple reached Denise Roberts and Gary Kwitkin as more people signed onto the proposal and got their neighbors on board. Roberts has signed on, but Kwitkin is still a holdout. What is this all about? Data centers are essentially large warehouses that hold the mechanisms needed to support computer systems, including digital storage that powers large portions of the internet. The industry is booming in Northern Virginia.
The district is about 10, acres and reduces regulatory hurdles for developments within its boundaries. The consultant is also considering necessary changes to construction standards, the Comprehensive Plan, zoning ordinance and any other effects from data centers. The Comprehensive Plan is a guideline used by county staff and the Board of Supervisors in land-use decisions.
The application along Pageland Lane seeks an amendment to the plan specific to that corridor. A Comprehensive Plan amendment only changes what the county says it hopes for future use of the land. It does not bind the county, the board or the landowners to any guaranteed future uses. The properties would still require zoning approval to allow data centers.
No public meetings have been scheduled on the application, but the landowners hope it will come forward in spring. How it started Just about every point raised by the applicants or their opponents has a counterpoint across the aisle.
But the sides share one thing: passions for their stances. Maryann Ghadban, center, meets with her neighbors Jan.
Ghadban said the power lines created unsustainable conditions for her horse farm, with infertile mares and stillborn foals. For Ghadban and Snyder, the road to the application has been long. Snyder has lived on Pageland Lane for more than 70 years.
Data Center Topologies Data Center Services Data center can be classified as either: Enterprise Private : Privately owned and operated by private corporate, institutional or government entitles.
In this document we will propose enterprise data center model. These computing resources include mainframes, web and application servers, file and print servers, messaging servers, application software and the operating systems that run them, storage subsystems, and the network infrastructure, whether IP or storage-area network SAN.
Applications range from internal financial and human resources to external e-commerce and business-to-business applications. Additionally, a number of servers support network operations and network-based applications. Data Center Roles: Figure 1 presents the different building blocks used in the enterprise network and illustrates the location of the Data Center within that architecture.
Data Center designs can include any or all of the building blocks in Figure , including any or all server farm types. Each type of server farm can be a separate physical entity, depending on the business requirements of the enterprise.
For example, a company might build a single Data Center and share all resources, such as servers, firewalls, routers, switches, and so on. Another company might require that the three server farms be physically System And Network Administration 8. Figure 1 Data Centre Data Centers in service provider SP environments, known as Internet Data Centers IDCs , unlike in enterprise environments, are the source of revenue that supports collocated server farms for enterprise customers.
System And Network Administration 9. Data Center Network Application Architecture Models: Architectures are constantly evolving, adapting to new requirements, and using new technologies. The thick client code requires a fair amount of processing capacity and resources to run in addition to the management overhead caused by loading and maintaining it on the client base.
The server side is a single server running the presentation, application, and database code that uses multiple internal processes to communicate information across these distinct functions. The exchange of information between client and server is mostly data because the thick client performs local presentation functions so that the end user can interact with the application using a local user interface.
Web-based applications rely on more standard interfaces and message formats where applications are easier to share. HTML and HTTP provide a standard framework that allows generic clients such as web browsers to communicate with generic applications as long as they use web servers for the presentation function.
The web browser interacts with web servers and application servers, and the web servers interact with application servers and database servers. These distinct functions supported by the servers are referred to as tiers, which, in addition to the client tier, refer to the n-tier model.
The n-tier model uses a thin client and a web browser to access the data in many different ways. The server side of the n-tier model is divided into distinct functional areas that include the web, application, and database servers. The n-tier model relies on a standard web architecture where the web browser formats and presents the information received from the web server.
The server side in the web architecture consists of multiple and distinct servers that are functionally separate. The n-tier model can be the client and a web server; or the client, the web server, and an application server. Figure 3 introduces the n-tier model and maps each tier to a partial list of currently available technologies at each tier. The network architecture is then dictated by the requirements of applications in use and their specific availability, scalability, and security and management goals.
For each server-side tier, there is a one-to-one mapping to a network segment that supports the specific application function and its requirements. Because the resulting network segments are closely aligned with the tiered applications, they are described in reference to the different application tiers. Figure 4 presents the mapping from the n-tier model to the supporting network segments used in a multitier design.
Notice that all the segments supporting the server farm connect to access layer switches, which in a multitier architecture are different access switches supporting the various server functions. If the sole purpose of the Data Center is to support Internet-facing applications and server farms, the Data Center is referred to as an Internet Data Center. Server farms are at the heart of the Data Center. In fact, Data Centers are built to support at least one type of server farm.
Although different types of server farms share many architectural requirements, their objectives differ. Thus, the particular set of Data Center requirements depends on which type of server farm must be supported. Each type of server farm has a distinct set of infrastructure, security, and management requirements that must be addressed in the design of the server farm.
Although each server farm design and its specific topology might be different, the design guidelines apply equally to them all. The following sections introduce server farms. This implies that users accessing the server farms primarily are located somewhere on the Internet and use the Internet to reach the server farm. Internet server farms are then available to the Internet community at large and support consumer services.
Typically, internal users also have access to the Internet server farms. The server farm services and their users rely on the use of web interfaces and web browsers, which makes them pervasive on Internet environments. Two distinct types of Internet server farms exist. The dedicated Internet server farm, shown in Figure 5, is built to support large-scale Internet-facing applications that support the core business function.
Typically, the core business function is based on an Internet presence or Internet commerce. Security and scalability are a major concern in this type of server farm. On one hand, most users accessing the server farm are located on the Internet, thereby introducing higher security risks; on the other hand, the number of likely users is very high, which could easily cause scalability problems.
The next type of Internet server farm, shown in Figure 6, is built to support Internet-based applications in addition to Internet access from the enterprise. This means that the infrastructure supporting the server farms also is used to support Internet access from enterprise users. These server farms typically are located in the demilitarized zone DMZ because they are part of the enterprise network yet are accessible from the Internet. These server farms are referred to as DMZ server farms, to differentiate them from the dedicated Internet server farms.
These server farms support services such as e-commerce and are the access door to portals for more generic applications used by both Internet and intranet users. The scalability considerations depend on how large the expected user base is. Note that, under this model, the enterprise network supports the campus, the private WAN, and the intranet server farm. System And Network Administration Notice that the intranet server farm module is connected to the core switches that form a portion of the enterprise backbone and provide connectivity between the private WAN and Internet Edge modules.
The users accessing the intranet server farm are located in the campus and private WAN. Internet users typically are not permitted access to the intranet; however, internal users using the Internet as transport have access to the intranet using virtual private network VPN technology. This is accomplished by applying the security policies to the edge of the Data Center as well as to the applicable application tiers when attempting to harden communication between servers on different tiers.
The security design applied to each tier depends on the architecture of the applications and the desired security level. Extranet server farms continue the trend of using web-based applications, but, unlike Internet- or intranet-based server farms, they are accessed only by a selected group of users that are neither Internet- nor intranet-based. The main purpose for extranets is to improve business-to-business communication by allowing faster exchange of information in a user-friendly and secure environment.
The purpose of the extranet is to provide server farm services to trusted external end users, there are special security considerations. Many factors must be considered in the design of the extranet topology, including scalability, availability, and security.
Dedicated firewalls and routers in the extranet are the result of a highly secure and scalable network infrastructure for partner connectivity. Notice that the extranet server farm is accessible to internal users, yet access from the extranet to the intranet is prevented or highly secured.
Typically, access from the extranet to the intranet is restricted through the use of firewalls. Data Center Architecture: The focus of this section is the architecture of a generic enterprise data center connected to the Internet and supporting an intranet server farm. Architecture of an IP network that supports server farms, we include explanations pertaining to how the server farms are connected to the rest of the enterprise network for the sake of clarity and thoroughness.
The core connectivity functions supported by Data Centers are Internet Edge connectivity, campus connectivity, and server-farm connectivity. The core switches physically connect to the devices that provide access to other major network areas, such as the private WAN edge routers, the server-farm aggregation switches, and campus distribution switches.
Although some of these layers might be optional in the Data Center architecture, they represent the trend in continuing to build highly available and scalable enterprise Data Centers.
This trend specifically applies to the storage and Data Center transport layers supporting storage consolidation, backup and archival consolidation, high-speed mirroring or clustering between remote server farms, and so on. These devices are multilayer switches, firewalls, load balancers, and other devices that typically support services across all servers. The multilayer switches are referred to as aggregation switches because of the aggregation function they perform.
Service devices are shared by all server farms. Specific server farms are likely to span multiple access switches for redundancy, thus making the aggregation switches the logical connection point for service devices, instead of the access switches. If connected to the front-end Layer 2 switches, these service devices might not offer optimal services by creating less than optimal traffic paths between them and servers connected to different front-end switches.
Additionally, if the service devices are off of the aggregation switches, the traffic paths are deterministic and predictable and simpler to manage and maintain. The aggregation layer is analogous to the traditional distribution layer in the campus network in its Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality.
The aggregation switches support the traditional switching of packets at Layer 3 and Layer 2 in addition to the protocols and features to support Layer 3 and Layer 2 connectivity. Because in a multitier server farm, each server function could be located on different access switches on different segments, the following section explains the details of each segment.
The front-end segment is analogous to the traditional access layer of the hierarchical campus network design and provides the same functionality.
The access switches are connected to the aggregation switches in the manner depicted in Figure 9. The specific network features required in the front-end segment depend on the servers and their functions. Layer 2 connectivity through VLANs is required between servers and load balancers or firewalls that segregate server farms.
The need for Layer 2 adjacency is the result of Network Address Translation NAT and other header rewrite functions performed by load balancers or firewalls on traffic destined to the server farm.
The return traffic must be processed by the same device that performed the header rewrite operations. Layer 2 connectivity is also required between servers that use clustering for high availability or require communicating on the same subnet.
This requirement implies that multiple access switches supporting front-end servers can support the same set of VLANs to provide layer adjacency between them. Security devices include network-based intrusion detection systems IDSs and host-based IDSs to monitor and detect intruders and prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited.
In general, the infrastructure components such as the Layer 2 switches provide intelligent network services that enable front-end servers to provide their functions. Scaling mechanisms for front-end servers typically include adding more servers with identical content and then equally distributing the load they receive using load balancers.
Load balancers distribute the load or load balance based on Layer 4 or Layer 5 information. Layer 4 is widely used for front-end servers to sustain a high connection rate without necessarily overwhelming the servers. The features required by the application segment are almost identical to those needed in the front-end segment, albeit with additional security. This segment relies strictly on Layer 2 connectivity, yet the additional security is a direct requirement of how much protection the application servers need because they have direct access to the database systems.
Depending on the security policies, this segment uses firewalls between web and application servers, IDSs, and host IDSs. Like the front-end segment, the application segment infrastructure must support intelligent network services as a direct result of the functions provided by the application services. Application servers run a portion of the software used by business applications and provide the communication logic between the front end and the back end, which is typically referred to as the middleware or business logic.
Application servers translate user requests to commands that the back-end database systems understand. Increasing the security at this segment focuses on controlling the protocols used between the front-end servers and the application servers to avoid trust exploitation and attacks that exploit known application vulnerabilities. Figure 10 introduces the front-end, application, and back-end segments in a logical topology. Note that the application servers are typically CPU-stressed because they need to support the business logic.
Scaling mechanisms for application servers also include load balancers. Our intention in running a smooth business with as less hitches as possible is to ensure that we hire the right number of employees who not only have an understanding of the industry and are professionals but also are attuned to our corporate goals and vision and are committed to ensuring that these goals and visions are achieved.
We intend to provide a conducive and friendly environment for our employees as well as ensure that they get the required training that is continuous in nature so as not only to enhance their skills and increase productivity for the organization but to also ensure that the skills gotten are the best across similar start-up such as ours in the industry. We also intend to make sure that our employees are one of the best paid and that they also have one of the best welfare packages in the industry.
We intend to carry out continuous appraisals on our employees to ensure that those who are hard-working are promoted in order to motivate them into being more productive. Finally our owners, Blake Chylds and Rob Branson have not only been in the data center business for years but have also served in the management capacity where they have had to make strategic decisions on behalf of the company.
Both men also have several stakes in the IT industry and are going into the data center business due to the demand from their various clients. They will bring their over 30 years experience to bear in this business and ensure that the goals and objectives of the business are achieved. Utech datacenters will offer traditional data services to its customers that are of the highest standard possible from our permanent and strategic location based here in Houston — Texas.
However as part of our efforts to boost our bottom line, we intend to ensure that we create multiple sources of income to our core service by providing consultancy services as well as trainings to our clients. Our intention is to ensure that we make profits as is legally permissible by the laws of the state where we are operating as well as all over the United States of America.
Therefore, some of the products and services we intend to offer at Utech datacenters include;. Having the right business structure is very essential to the growth of our business and we are therefore not taking this aspect trivially.
We intend to ensure that our corporate foundation is perfect and as such we would go the extra mile in sourcing for and hiring competent and hardworking employees to handle the various roles and responsibilities in the organization.
We are ready to do whatever it takes to achieve this as we are a standard company with a standing in the industry that will lure the right employees to come and work for us at Utech data center here in Houston — Texas. The employees we intend to choose to work with us are those that understand the objectives of the business and are willing to work in ensuring that we achieve our intended goals and objectives.
Due to the fact that we intend to offer a wide range of services and offer trainings as well as consultancy services at our data center business, we intend to hire different employees that will be able to handle the different responsibilities from the assigned tasks that would be available at Utech datacenter here in Houston — Texas. Electrical and Mechanical System Engineer. Due to the fact that we intend to run a business that is up to standard, we have hired the services of a reputable business consultant here in Houston — Texas who has the necessary experience and also knows the business and industry thoroughly to help us look through our business concept and determine if it was worthwhile going into the kind of business that we were going into.
The business consultant was also to help us determine if we were well suited to run a data center business profitably and also compete favorably with the competitors who were running a similar business to ours here in the data center industry. In view of that, an analysis was run in order to be able to take stock of what strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats were available to us in the industry we intended going into here in the United States of America. There are several strengths available to us during the course of running the business and they include the fact that there are already existing distribution and sales networks available which makes it easier for us to penetrate the target market and get a share.
Also, the industry has been projected to grow and has a high growth rate which means that we are poised to earn lucratively from this business. Another strength lies in the fact that we have reduced labor costs as some of the tasks are being automated.
Finally, our employees are not only competent but very experienced and professional and are well equipped in ensuring that we achieve our intended goals and objectives. The weakness we have in this business is due to the fact that we are running a small business unit that might affect our standing in the industry. We however intend to combat this by taking our sustainability and expansion measures seriously. There are several opportunities that are available to us in the course of running this business and they include; the growing demand from the target market as more and more people are shifting towards cloud based services and other hosting services.
This would lead to another opportunity for income, as income for workers and operators in this field will be on a constant increase. Every business no matter how lucrative faces threats every now either during start-up or whilst running the business and the data center business is no different. As a serious business we however have already laid down strategies that would combat any threat that we might face during the course of running the business.
Some threats that we are likely to face when starting this business include; technological problems that might arise from the equipment. Price changes in procuring most of the equipment or in running the data center that might likely affect our pricing rate for our clients.
The arrival of a competitor in the same location might cause our profitability to drop. It has also been found that states such as Atlanta, Colorado Springs, Northern Virginia, Portland and Seattle were more attractive for providers in the data center industry based on factors such as power costs, lease costs, sales taxes, property taxes as well as the potential incentives to be gotten.
Data center providers in the United States of America have between the years and had a total of 1, projects both new and existing; most of these projects had Texas topping the list of states with a total of projects. Houston in Texas is the hub of for data centers as the demand for these centers is mostly driven by oil and gas companies, energy companies as well as healthcare organizations.
Another state that has a large hub for data centers is Virginia and it has been projected to overtake New York metro. This is because Northern Virginia has abundant fiber, cheap and reliable power as well as attractive tax incentive programs for data center providers. Data centers bring large investments to the community as they also attract service providers. Although the network management for data centers have been automated for a long while back, they were not fully automated as they ran on servers and routers, physical switches, and were lined by physical network cables.
Also, the plugging and unplugging of network cables had been physically limiting for the automatic network configuration. However, with innovations all the aforementioned difficulties have been resolved especially the plugging and unplugging of physical ports which can be done as a command from software.
The data center industry has a wide range of customers demanding for its services. However, in order for us to truly know who our target market is here in the United States of America, we have conducted a market research to help us truly determine what we are likely to face in getting our own share of the target market.
This will also help us map out the needed strategies that would help our business reach its intended goals. The market research we have conducted is also to help us know what exactly to look out for in our target market and what they will also be expecting from us. In view of this, we have determined that we are in business to cater to the following group of existing and potential clients;. Our competitive advantage. We have established our business not only to make profit and be amongst the industry leaders but also to ensure that we have all the necessary factors that will allow us not only compete favorably with others but give us an edge as well.
We are located in a strategic location here in Houston — Texas that not only offer our employees easy access but also ensure that our overheads are low thereby affecting the overall pricing rates for our end-user clients, giving us an edge over others. Even though data centers run a basic service of providing hosting services to clients, we intend to stand apart from our competitors by ensuring that we offer the best customer care service to our clients.
All the inquiries of our clients, follow-ups and complaints will be professionally handled by our very qualified customer service executives. Secondly, we intend to source for and hire the best employees to handle all the necessary responsibilities in the organization. Data center network design and all stuff related to the architecture.
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DataCenter:: Infrastructure Presentation. Tia Data Center Standards. Datacenter overview. Ynpn 3. Data Center Network Topologies.
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