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The fifth and final episode of the Stakeholder Capitalism video-podcast has arrived. Unemployment, youth ages total: 3. Environment Environment - current issues radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers that flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; desertification; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices.
Air pollutants particulate matter emissions: Revenue from coal coal revenues: 0. Waste and recycling municipal solid waste generated annually: 4,, tons est. Total water withdrawal municipal: 2. Total renewable water resources Government Country name conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan conventional short form: Kazakhstan local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy local short form: Qazaqstan former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: the name "Kazakh" may derive from the Turkic word "kaz" meaning "to wander," recalling the Kazakh's nomadic lifestyle; the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Kazakhstan literally means "Land of the Wanderers".
Government type presidential republic. Independence 16 December from the Soviet Union. National holiday Independence Day, 16 December Constitution history: previous , preindependence , ; latest approved by referendum 30 August , effective 5 September amendments: introduced by a referendum initiated by the president of the republic, on the recommendation of Parliament, or by the government; the president has the option of submitting draft amendments to Parliament or directly to a referendum; passage of amendments by Parliament requires four-fifths majority vote of both houses and the signature of the president; passage by referendum requires absolute majority vote by more than one half of the voters in at least two thirds of the oblasts, major cities, and the capital, followed by the signature of the president; amended several times, last in Legal system civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and by the theory and practice of the Russian Federation.
International law organization participation has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt. Citizenship citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kazakhstan dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years.
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal. Legislative branch description: bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate 49 seats statutory, 48 as of October ; 34 members indirectly elected by 2-round majority vote by the oblast-level assemblies and 15 members appointed by decree of the president; members serve 6-year terms, with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years Mazhilis seats; 98 members directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms and 9 indirectly elected by the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan, a member, presidentially appointed advisory body designed to represent the country's ethnic minorities elections: Senate - last held on 12 August next to be held in August Mazhilis - last held on 10 January next to be held in election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition as of October - men 39, women 9, percent of women Judicial branch highest courts: Supreme Court of the Republic consists of 44 members ; Constitutional Council consists of the chairman and 6 members judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the president of the republic on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council and confirmed by the Senate; judges normally serve until age 65 but can be extended to age 70; Constitutional Council - the president of the republic, the Senate chairperson, and the Mazhilis chairperson each appoints 2 members for a 6-year term; chairman of the Constitutional Council appointed by the president for a 6-year term subordinate courts: regional and local courts.
Flag description a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle, both centered on a sky blue background; the hoist side displays a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" the horns of the ram in gold; the blue color is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, and so symbolizes cultural and ethnic unity; it also represents the endless sky as well as water; the sun, a source of life and energy, exemplifies wealth and plenitude; the sun's rays are shaped like grain, which is the basis of abundance and prosperity; the eagle has appeared on the flags of Kazakh tribes for centuries and represents freedom, power, and the flight to the future.
National symbol s golden eagle; national colors: blue, yellow. Economy Economic overview Kazakhstan's vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy.
Real GDP growth rate 6. Inflation rate consumer prices 5. GDP - composition, by sector of origin agriculture: 4. GDP - composition, by end use household consumption: Agricultural products wheat, milk, potatoes, barley, watermelons, melons, linseed, onions, maize, sunflower seed. Industries oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials.
Industrial production growth rate 5. Labor force 8. Labor force - by occupation agriculture: Unemployment rate 4. Population below poverty line 4. Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income Budget revenues: Public debt Taxes and other revenues Fiscal year calendar year.
Exports - commodities crude petroleum, natural gas, copper, iron alloys, radioactive chemicals Imports - commodities packaged medicines, natural gas, cars, broadcasting equipment, aircraft Electricity - production Electricity - consumption Electricity - exports 5.
Electricity - imports 1. Electricity - installed generating capacity Crude oil - production 1. Crude oil - exports 1. Crude oil - proved reserves 30 billion bbl 1 January est. Natural gas - production Natural gas - consumption Natural gas - exports Natural gas - imports 5.
Natural gas - proved reserves 2. In order to deal with these problems, the government expanded state intervention in the economy: it nationalized the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol, expanded measures to restrict imports, and further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight.
Argentina negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, continued working with the IMF to shore up its finances, and returned to international capital markets in April The government passed important pension, tax, and fiscal reforms. And after years of international isolation, Argentina took on several international leadership roles, including hosting the World Economic Forum on Latin America and the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference, and is set to assume the presidency of the G in Skip to main content Go to CIA.
Explore All Countries Argentina. South America. Page last updated: January 12, Country Flag View Details. Country Map View Larger. Travel Facts. Locator Map View Larger. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Definitions and Notes. Geographic coordinates 34 00 S, 64 00 W. Map references South America. Area total: 2,, sq km land: 2,, sq km water: 43, sq km country comparison to the world: 9. Area - comparative slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US.
Area comparison map. Land boundaries total: 11, km border countries 5 : Bolivia km, Brazil km, Chile km, Paraguay km, Uruguay km. Coastline 4, km. Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: nm continental shelf: nm or to the edge of the continental margin. Climate mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest. Terrain rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border.
Elevation highest point: Cerro Aconcagua located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America 6, m lowest point: Laguna del Carbon located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz m mean elevation: m. Natural resources fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land.
Land use agricultural land: Irrigated land 23, sq km Major aquifers Guarani Aquifer System. Population distribution one-third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated.
Natural hazards San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue 2, m last erupted in ; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma. Geography - note note 1: second-largest country in South America after Brazil ; strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage ; diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil note 2: southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina seem to be the original development site for peanuts.
People and Society Population 45,, July est. Nationality noun: Argentine s adjective: Argentine. Spanish audio sample:. Religions Roman Catholic Demographic profile Argentina's population continues to grow but at a slower rate because of its steadily declining birth rate.
Age structure years: Dependency ratios total dependency ratio: Median age total: Population growth rate 0. Birth rate Death rate 7. Net migration rate Urbanization urban population: Major urban areas - population Sex ratio at birth: 1.
Infant mortality rate total: 9. Life expectancy at birth total population: Total fertility rate 2. Contraceptive prevalence rate Current Health Expenditure 9.
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